Dried Orange Peel Substitution

orange zest
can be substituted for dried orange peel.

Dried Lemon Peel Substitution

lemon zest
can be substituted for dried lemon peel

Vanilla Bean Substitution

1 teaspoon vanilla extract
can be substituted for a one inch piece of vanilla bean.

Cocoa, Unsweetened Substitution

Dutch-processed cocoa may be substituted for unsweetened cocoa.

Chocolate, Unsweetened Substitution

1 2/3 ounce semisweet chocolate (reduce sugar in recipe by 2 teaspoons)
or
3 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa
plus
1 tablespoon butter, margarine or shortening
can be substituted for 1 ounce unsweetened baking chocolate.

Chocolate, Sweet Baking (German’s)

1/2 cup unsweetened cocoa powder
plus
1/3 cup sugar
plus
3 tablespoons butter or shortening
can be substituted for 4 ounces German’s sweet baking chocolate.

Chocolate, Semi-sweet Substitution

Chocolate, Semi-Sweet
3 tablespoons chocolate chips
or
1 square (1-ounce) unsweetened chocolate
plus
1 tablespoon sugar
can be substituted for 1 square (1-ounce) semi-sweet chocolate.
or
6 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa powder
plus
7 tablespoons sugar
plus
1/4 cup butter or shortening
can be substituted for 6 ounces semi-sweet chocolate.
Bittersweet chocolate can be substituted for semisweet chocolate. There may be a slight difference in texture and flavor.